DQ 2 : Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application.
It asks for a tree and names the model to build it from. A tree has branch points with criteria on them, which is a different object from a narrative of how you decided.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 18, 2026
A decision tree is a structure, not a narrative
Build the object the prompt asked for. A decision tree has a starting question, branch points with a stated criterion at each one, and terminal nodes that are decisions rather than feelings. Rendered as text, that means a numbered sequence where each step says what you asked, what answer you got, and where that answer sent you. Start with the dilemma stated precisely enough to have branches: not 'an ethical issue in my project' but, for example, whether to include patients who cannot consent for themselves in an intervention likely to benefit them. Then the first checkpoint. The Kidder ethical fitness model the brief names begins by testing whether this is a genuine right-versus-right conflict or merely right-versus-wrong, and that distinction is the branch most students skip — a great many cases dissolve the moment you notice one option is simply wrong. Write the dilemma down first, because a vague one cannot be branched at all.
From there the branches follow the model's own checkpoints: identifying the parties, gathering the relevant facts, testing for legal violations, applying the stink test and the front-page test, then choosing among the resolution principles — ends-based, rule-based and care-based reasoning — before deciding and revisiting. Each of those is a branch point with a criterion attached, which is exactly what makes the tree a tree. Show two branches explicitly, including the one you did not take and what would have had to be true to take it, because a tree with a single path is a straight line and the counterfactual branch is what proves the criteria were doing work. Then name which ethical theory you landed on and why that reasoning fit this dilemma rather than being your general preference. A marker reading a wall of prose with no branch points has read a story about a decision instead of the structure the prompt asked for.
Likely learning objectives
- Construct a decision tree with explicit branch points and criteria.
- Distinguish right-versus-right dilemmas from right-versus-wrong ones.
- Apply the checkpoint model's tests in sequence.
- Justify a resolution principle against the dilemma rather than by preference.
Assignment instructions
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
DNP 815 Topic 4 DQ 2 DQ 2 : Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application. Based on your response to Topic 4 DQ 1, provide a decision tree of how you came to the decision of ethical theory application. Table 1: “Checkpoints for Ethical Decision Making,” in the article “Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: Applying the Institute for Global Ethics’ Ethical Fitness’ Model to Occupational and Environmental Health Practice Issues,” provides a model for guidance.
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01A dilemma stated precisely enough to branch.
- 02A tree with numbered branch points and criteria.
- 03The right-versus-right test applied.
- 04At least one branch not taken, with its condition.
- 05The ethical theory chosen, justified against this dilemma.
The dilemma, the branches, then the checkpoint model
The dilemma, stated to branch
Set out a dilemma where two defensible options exist.
What the assessor is likely looking for
Two options a reasonable person could each defend.
Right versus right, or right versus wrong?
Apply the model's first test and say what it resolves.
What the assessor is likely looking for
The test applied, with a consequence for the tree.
Facts, parties and legal tests
Work the middle checkpoints as branch points.
What the assessor is likely looking for
A checkpoint that actually changed the path.
The branch not taken
Show the alternative path and what would have triggered it.
What the assessor is likely looking for
A stated condition under which the decision would differ.
Resolution principle and decision
Choose among ends-based, rule-based and care-based reasoning.
What the assessor is likely looking for
A principle justified by the dilemma's structure.
Using the ethical fitness model the brief names
Recommended databases
- Markkula Center for Applied Ethics
- PubMed Central
- NCBI Bookshelf
- CINAHL Complete
Search sequence
- 1.Read the checkpoints model the brief names before drafting any branches.
- 2.Compare it with a general ethical decision-making framework to see what it adds.
- 3.Find nursing literature on moral distress for the case where no branch is comfortable.
- 4.Draft the tree as a numbered list first, then write the prose around it.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
A Framework for Ethical Decision Making
Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University · 2021
A general ethical decision-making framework, useful for comparing against the checkpoints model.
The Limbic Brain, Moral Distress and Ethical Decision-Making in Nursing Practice
PMC / National Library of Medicine · 2025
Moral distress and ethical decision-making in nursing practice — what happens when every branch costs something.
Implicit Bias
StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf · 2024
Implicit bias, for the checkpoint about the facts you did not think to gather.
Definition of Research Misconduct
Office of Research Integrity, US Department of Health and Human Services · 2024
Research misconduct definitions, for the legal test in the middle of the tree.
Human Subjects Research Design
StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf · 2023
Human subjects research design, for consent-related dilemmas in a DNP project.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Writing a narrative of how you decided instead of a branching structure.
- Stating the dilemma so vaguely that no branch is possible.
- Skipping the right-versus-right test, which resolves many cases immediately.
- Choosing a resolution principle by habit rather than by fit.
Submission checklist
- Does every branch point carry a criterion?
- Is the dilemma specific enough that both options are defensible?
- Have you shown a branch you did not take?
- Did you apply the checkpoints in the model's order?
- Is the chosen theory justified against this dilemma?
Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read Brinevia's academic-integrity policy.
Written by
Maren Caldwell
MSN, RN, CNE
Medical-surgical nursing, pharmacology and NCLEX preparation
Maren is a registered nurse with over 15 years of clinical and educational experience in medical-surgical nursing. She writes on NCLEX preparation, patient care fundamentals, pharmacology and evidence-based practice.

Reviewed by
Dr. Tessa Redmond
DNP, RN, CNE
Evidence-based practice and clinical education
Tessa is a doctorally-prepared nurse educator. She reviews Brinevia content for clinical accuracy and alignment with current evidence-based guidelines.