DQ 2 : Describe the best way to visualize the data you will collect for your DPI Project to have the most effect on your audience.
The phrase 'most effect on your audience' is the instruction. The chart follows from who is looking and what claim they need to accept, and for improvement data that usually means a run chart.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 18, 2026
Visualisation chosen for an audience and a claim
Start with the audience, because the same data needs different pictures for different readers. A unit's staff want to see whether their own numbers moved and they want it updated often, which argues for a simple run chart posted where they work. An executive sponsor wants the outcome against a target and the cost, on one slide. A journal reviewer wants the variation and the analysis method visible so they can judge the claim. A community or patient audience needs plain language, absolute numbers and no jargon. Name yours and say what claim you need them to accept, since a visualisation is an argument in graphical form and choosing one before you know the claim is how people end up with three pie charts nobody reads. Naming the audience also decides how often the figure needs updating. Write the claim down as one sentence before you open any charting tool, because the tool will otherwise choose for you.
For a DPI Project the strongest technical point is that improvement data is a time series and should be drawn as one. A before-and-after bar chart hides everything that matters: it cannot show whether the outcome was already trending, whether the change held, or whether the difference is bigger than the ordinary week-to-week variation the process always had. A run chart with a median line and enough points either side of the intervention answers all three, and a control chart adds limits that separate common-cause variation from a real shift. That is the argument to make. Then handle the honest details: label axes with units, do not truncate the y-axis to dramatise a small change, show the denominator alongside a rate, and mark the intervention date on the chart. Then say which single figure you would put in front of that audience, and what you want it to make them do about the result.
Likely learning objectives
- Choose a visualisation from the audience and the claim rather than from preference.
- Explain why improvement data should be drawn as a time series.
- Distinguish common-cause variation from a real shift.
- Apply honest charting conventions to a real figure.
Assignment instructions
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
DNP 830 Topic 5 DQ 2 DQ 2 : Describe the best way to visualize the data you will collect for your DPI Project to have the most effect on your audience. Data visualization allows data findings to be reported in a graph, chart, or another visual format. It communicates the relationship of the data with images. This is important because it allows trends and patterns to be more easily seen. Describe the best way to visualize the data you will collect for your DPI Project to have the most effect on your audience.
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01A named audience and the claim they must accept.
- 02A chart type justified against that claim.
- 03An argument for time-series display of improvement data.
- 04Charting conventions: axes, denominators, no truncation.
- 05One figure identified as the one you would present.
The audience, the claim, then the chart that carries it
Who is looking, and what must they accept
Name the audience and the claim the figure has to carry.
What the assessor is likely looking for
A claim stated as something a reader could reject.
Improvement data is a time series
Argue against before-and-after comparison for process data.
What the assessor is likely looking for
Three things a bar chart hides, named.
Run charts and control charts
Describe the median line, the limits, and what each reveals.
What the assessor is likely looking for
The separation of common-cause variation from a shift.
Honest charting
Cover axes, denominators, truncation and annotation.
What the assessor is likely looking for
A convention whose breach would mislead.
The one figure
Choose the single chart you would present and its intended effect.
What the assessor is likely looking for
An action the figure is meant to produce.
Where quality improvement charting conventions live
Recommended databases
- PubMed Central
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
- NCBI Bookshelf
- Statistics LibreTexts
Search sequence
- 1.Read on statistical process control before choosing between run and control charts.
- 2.Find a published quality improvement paper and study its figures.
- 3.Check how a dashboard paper handles audience and update frequency.
- 4.Decide the claim before drawing anything.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
The Contribution of Variable Control Charts to Quality Improvement in Healthcare: A Literature Review
Journal of Healthcare Leadership · 2021
Control charts in healthcare quality improvement — the case for displaying variation over time.
Using Effect Size—or Why the P Value Is Not Enough
Journal of Graduate Medical Education (via PubMed Central) · 2012
Why the p-value is not enough — the same argument applied to what a figure should show.
2.3: Measures of Variability
Statistics LibreTexts · 2023
Measures of variability, underlying what control limits represent.
Inclusion of Effect Size Measures and Clinical Relevance in Research Papers
Nursing Research · 2021
Effect size and clinical relevance reporting, for the numbers that belong beside the figure.
Implementation strategies for large scale quality improvement initiatives in primary care settings: a qualitative assessment
BMC Primary Care · 2023
Large-scale quality improvement implementation, for how results are reported to different audiences.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Choosing a chart before identifying the audience.
- Using a before-and-after bar chart for improvement data.
- Truncating an axis to make a small change look large.
- Presenting a rate with no denominator visible.
Submission checklist
- Is your audience named?
- Does the chart follow from the claim?
- Have you argued for showing variation over time?
- Are axis, denominator and intervention date handled?
- Have you identified one figure as the key one?
Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read Brinevia's academic-integrity policy.
Written by
Maren Caldwell
MSN, RN, CNE
Medical-surgical nursing, pharmacology and NCLEX preparation
Maren is a registered nurse with over 15 years of clinical and educational experience in medical-surgical nursing. She writes on NCLEX preparation, patient care fundamentals, pharmacology and evidence-based practice.

Reviewed by
Dr. Tessa Redmond
DNP, RN, CNE
Evidence-based practice and clinical education
Tessa is a doctorally-prepared nurse educator. She reviews Brinevia content for clinical accuracy and alignment with current evidence-based guidelines.