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Nursing questions
Written assignmentQuality improvement

FFA as a method for listing discussing, and assessing the various forces for and against a proposed change. Discussion

A named method with a specific output. Listing forces is the easy half; weighting them and deriving a strategy from the weights is what the method is for.

Editorial process

Last reviewed · August 23, 2026

01

Weighting is what makes it an analysis

A force field analysis that stops at two lists is not an analysis, and the brief tells you so in its own words: assessing the forces and weighing the pros and cons. Weighting is the step that produces the insight, because it reveals that the forces are not equal and that a small number of them decide the outcome. Assign each force a strength, justify the score with evidence rather than intuition, and then look at what the numbers say. The usual finding, and the one that makes this method worth using, is that a single heavily weighted restraining force, most often staff time or a competing organisational priority, outweighs several supporting forces put together. Score every force even when the score feels arbitrary, because a stated weight can be argued with and an unstated one cannot. Evidence behind each score is what makes it defensible.

That finding then drives the strategy section, and there is a well-established principle worth stating: reducing restraining forces is generally more effective than adding driving forces. Adding pressure to a system that is already resisting increases tension without moving anything, whereas removing an obstacle lets the existing drivers do the work. So the strategies should attack your highest-weighted restrainers specifically. If the restrainer is time, the strategy is protected hours or removing a competing task, not another motivational message. If it is a previous failed initiative, the strategy is naming that history and saying what is different this time. Note also the instruction to carry feedback into the final paper, which means this milestone should be written so that it can be revised rather than rewritten: keep the forces and weights in a table a reader can comment on. Keeping the forces and weights in a table is what makes revision possible rather than a rewrite.

Likely learning objectives

  • Weight forces with justification rather than listing them.
  • Identify which single force is decisive.
  • Apply the principle that reducing restrainers beats adding drivers.
  • Write a milestone that can absorb feedback without being rewritten.

Assignment instructions

Read the full question

Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.

FFA as a method for listing discussing and assessing the various forces for and against a proposed change. Discussion In this second milestone, you will develop a force field analysis (FFA). FFA is a method for listing, discussing, and assessing the various forces for and against a proposed change. FFA encourages you to look at the big picture by assessing all of the forces impacting the change and weighing the pros and cons. Having identified these, you can then develop strategies to reduce the impact of the opposing forces and strengthen the supporting forces. FFA is especially useful when you want to overcome resistance to change and to define and resolve a quality issue in the healthcare environment. You will be expected to incorporate feedback on the milestone assignments into the final paper. Address the following critical elements in your Milestone Two paper:

Course-wide instructions that accompany this question

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes. Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages. FFA is a method for listing Discussion Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor. The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument. ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS Discussion Questions (DQ) Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words. Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source. One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words. I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses. Weekly Participation Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately. In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies. Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work). Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week. APA Format and Writing Quality Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required). Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation. I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition. Use of Direct Quotes I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly. As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content. It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source. LopesWrite Policy For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me. Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes. Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own? Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score. Late Policy The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies. Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances. If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect. I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension. As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading. Communication Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class. Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours. FFA is a method for listing Discussion

02

What Milestone Two requires

  1. 01A force field analysis of the proposed change.
  2. 02The forces for and against listed, discussed and assessed.
  3. 03An assessment of the relative weight of those forces.
  4. 04Strategies to reduce the impact of opposing forces and strengthen supporting forces.
  5. 05The critical elements required for Milestone Two, written so feedback can be incorporated later.
03

Define, list, weight, then strategise

01

The change being analysed

State the quality issue and the specific change proposed.

What the assessor is likely looking for

A change specific enough for forces to act on.

02

Driving forces

Identify what pushes toward the change, including external requirements.

What the assessor is likely looking for

Forces that exist independently of your enthusiasm.

03

Restraining forces

Identify what holds it back, including history and competing priorities.

What the assessor is likely looking for

Honest restrainers rather than convenient ones.

04

Weighting and justification

Score each force and give the evidence behind the score.

What the assessor is likely looking for

Justification for the weights, not just the weights.

05

What the weights show

Identify the decisive force and what it implies.

What the assessor is likely looking for

A conclusion drawn from the analysis.

06

Strategies

Propose actions aimed at the highest-weighted restrainers.

What the assessor is likely looking for

Restrainer reduction rather than additional pressure.

04

Where change and quality evidence sits

Recommended databases

  • PubMed Central
  • NCBI Bookshelf
  • AHRQ
  • University Library

Search sequence

  1. 1.Read a change management source for the reduce-restrainers principle.
  2. 2.Search implementation barriers in health care to populate the restraining side.
  3. 3.Look for evidence on your proposed change so the driving forces are grounded.
  4. 4.Check a quality improvement source for how the change would be measured.
05

Reference shortlist

These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.

06

Before you submit the milestone

Common mistakes

  • Producing two lists with no weighting.
  • Assigning weights without justifying them.
  • Answering every restraining force with more communication.
  • Adding driving forces rather than removing obstacles.
  • Writing the milestone in a form that cannot absorb feedback.

Submission checklist

  • Does every force carry a weight and a justification?
  • Have you identified the decisive restraining force?
  • Do the strategies attack the highest-weighted restrainers?
  • Is the reduce-restrainers principle stated and applied?
  • Is the analysis presented so a reviewer can comment on it?

Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read Brinevia's academic-integrity policy.

Written by

Maren Caldwell

MSN, RN, CNE

Medical-surgical nursing, pharmacology and NCLEX preparation

Maren is a registered nurse with over 15 years of clinical and educational experience in medical-surgical nursing. She writes on NCLEX preparation, patient care fundamentals, pharmacology and evidence-based practice.

Reviewed by

Dr. Tessa Redmond

DNP, RN, CNE

Evidence-based practice and clinical education

Tessa is a doctorally-prepared nurse educator. She reviews Brinevia content for clinical accuracy and alignment with current evidence-based guidelines.

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