DQ 2 :Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention
The last clause is the one you cannot look up: has your preceptor used either theory, and what happened. That grounds the comparison in your setting rather than in a textbook.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 18, 2026
Two change theories, chosen for THIS intervention
Choose two theories that would give different advice about your intervention, because two that agree produce a comparison with nothing in it. Lewin's unfreeze-change-refreeze is simple and its value is the refreeze stage, which names the thing most nursing projects never do. Kotter's eight steps front-load urgency and coalition building, so it is the better fit when the problem is that nobody yet agrees a change is needed. Rogers' diffusion of innovations shifts attention from the organisation to the adopters, sorting them into innovators through laggards and asking about the innovation's own attributes — relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability. That last one is genuinely useful for a capstone, because it tells you to make the change easy to try and easy to see, which is concrete advice rather than a stage to pass through. Say which stage of each theory you would actually be standing in during your practicum weeks, because that is where the choice bites.
Then make the choice on the shape of your own intervention, and say why the losing theory loses. If your barrier is that people do not accept the problem exists, Kotter's urgency step earns its place and Lewin's unfreeze is too coarse to guide you. If the change is small, voluntary and spreading nurse to nurse, Rogers describes what will actually happen better than a staged organisational model. If the risk is that everything reverts once your practicum ends, Lewin's refreeze names your central problem and you should say so. Finally, answer the preceptor question honestly, including if the answer is no — many preceptors have run changes without naming a theory at all, and describing what they did and mapping it onto the stages afterwards is a genuinely good answer. What happened is more interesting than what was intended, so report the result rather than the plan.
Likely learning objectives
- Select two change theories that would give different guidance.
- Match a theory to the specific obstacle facing an intervention.
- Explain why the rejected theory fits less well.
- Report observed practice in your setting against a theoretical frame.
Assignment instructions
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
NRS 493 Topic 4 DQ 2 DQ 2 :Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention Assessment Description Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP intervention. Why? Has your preceptor used either theory, and to what result?
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01Two named change theories, described by what they emphasise.
- 02A comparison that identifies where their advice differs.
- 03A choice justified by your intervention's specific obstacle.
- 04A reason the other theory was rejected.
- 05An answer to the preceptor question, including a negative one.
Comparison, choice, then the preceptor question
Theory one and what it emphasises
Describe the first theory by the guidance it gives, not its history.
What the assessor is likely looking for
An actionable emphasis, such as refreeze or urgency.
Theory two, giving different advice
Choose a theory that would prioritise something else.
What the assessor is likely looking for
A point where the two would recommend different first moves.
Your intervention's actual obstacle
Name what is most likely to stop your change.
What the assessor is likely looking for
One obstacle identified as dominant.
The choice, and why the other loses
Select a theory against that obstacle and reject the other explicitly.
What the assessor is likely looking for
A rejection argued rather than implied.
What your preceptor actually did
Report observed practice and map it onto the stages afterwards.
What the assessor is likely looking for
A result, including an unsuccessful one.
Where change theory meets implementation evidence
Recommended databases
- PubMed Central
- Implementation Science
- CINAHL Complete
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Search sequence
- 1.Read a diffusion-of-innovation study in health care for the adopter-centred view.
- 2.Find implementation research that names its strategies, and compare with the staged models.
- 3.Identify your intervention's dominant obstacle before choosing a theory.
- 4.Ask your preceptor the question early, since the answer takes a conversation.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
Assessing E-Health adoption readiness using diffusion of innovation theory
International Health · 2022
Diffusion of innovation applied to adoption readiness in health care — the adopter-centred theory in use.
A refined compilation of implementation strategies: results from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) project
Implementation Science (via PubMed Central) · 2015
A taxonomy of implementation strategies, which is what staged change models are competing with.
Implementation strategies for large scale quality improvement initiatives in primary care settings: a qualitative assessment
BMC Primary Care · 2023
Implementation strategies for large-scale quality improvement, including where changes revert.
Addressing critical barriers for sustainability of asthma stock inhaler policy implementation and results
Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology · 2024
Sustainability barriers after implementation — evidence for why the refreeze stage matters.
Nurses' roles in changing practice through implementing best practices: A systematic review
Health SA Gesondheid · 2022
A systematic review of nurses changing practice, useful for judging which theory describes reality.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Choosing two theories that give the same advice.
- Summarising the theories without applying either to the intervention.
- Skipping the preceptor question because the answer is no.
- Naming Lewin and never mentioning refreeze, which is the stage that matters here.
Submission checklist
- Would your two theories actually disagree about what to do first?
- Is the choice tied to a specific obstacle in your project?
- Have you said why the other theory fits less well?
- Have you answered the preceptor question honestly?
- Is a result reported, not just an intention?
Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read Brinevia's academic-integrity policy.
Written by
Maren Caldwell
MSN, RN, CNE
Medical-surgical nursing, pharmacology and NCLEX preparation
Maren is a registered nurse with over 15 years of clinical and educational experience in medical-surgical nursing. She writes on NCLEX preparation, patient care fundamentals, pharmacology and evidence-based practice.

Reviewed by
Dr. Tessa Redmond
DNP, RN, CNE
Evidence-based practice and clinical education
Tessa is a doctorally-prepared nurse educator. She reviews Brinevia content for clinical accuracy and alignment with current evidence-based guidelines.